Surgeries that can help you control your weight

Fighting excess weight and obesity is a challenging battle for many people around the world. As the obesity epidemic continues to affect increasing numbers of individuals, treatment options have evolved to include a variety of approaches, from lifestyle changes to more advanced medical and surgical interventions. Among the latter, bariatric surgeries have emerged as an effective option for many people struggling to lose weight and improve their overall health.

Join us as we explore bariatric surgeries in depth as tools to regulate weight and address health problems related to obesity. We will examine the different types of surgeries, their mechanisms of action, eligibility criteria, associated risks and benefits, as well as postoperative aspects and long-term considerations. Additionally, we will discuss the crucial role that education, support, and ongoing follow-up play in the long-term success of these surgical interventions.

Bariatric surgery: An intervention for obesity.

Bariatric surgery, also known as weight loss surgery, refers to a set of surgical procedures designed to help people with obesity lose weight by modifying the digestive system. These interventions not only target weight reduction, but can also improve or even reverse various obesity-related medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease.

Types of bariatric surgery.

There are several main types of bariatric surgeries, each with its own specific characteristics and considerations:

Gastric bypass: This procedure involves creating a small pouch in the upper part of the stomach and connecting it directly to the small intestine, thus bypassing a portion of the stomach and small intestine. This reduces the amount of food that can be eaten and limits the absorption of nutrients. Gastric bypass can be of two types: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and mini-gastric bypass.

Gastric sleeve: Also known as vertical gastrectomy, this surgery involves the removal of approximately 80% of the stomach, leaving a narrow, tube-shaped portion. This reduces stomach capacity and decreases the production of the hunger hormone, leading to a reduction in food intake.

Adjustable gastric band: In this procedure, an inflatable band is placed around the top of the stomach, creating a small pouch that limits the amount of food that can be consumed. The band can be adjusted by tightening or loosening it as needed to control food intake.

Biliopancreatic diversion: This surgery involves removing part of the stomach and reconnecting the small intestine to a lower section, which reduces the amount of nutrients and calories the body absorbs. It may or may not be accompanied by removal of the gallbladder.

Eligibility criteria and preoperative evaluation.

Before undergoing bariatric surgery, patients must meet certain eligibility criteria and undergo a comprehensive evaluation to determine their suitability for the procedure. These criteria may vary by country and medical institution, but generally include:

• A body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 40 kg/m², or a BMI equal to or greater than 35 kg/m² with at least one obesity-related comorbidity.
• Having tried and failed to lose weight through non-surgical methods, such as dietary changes, exercise, and behavioral therapy.
• Understanding of the risks and benefits associated with surgery, as well as a commitment to following postoperative dietary and lifestyle recommendations.
• Preoperative evaluation may also include medical testing, psychological evaluation, and consultations with a multidisciplinary team that may include surgeons, endocrinologists, nutritionists, psychologists, and other health professionals.

Risks and benefits of bariatric surgery.

While bariatric surgery can be highly effective for weight loss and improved health in many cases, it is not without potential risks and complications. Some of the risks associated with these procedures include:

• Infection at the surgical site.
• Leaks in sutures or intestinal connections.
• Deep venous thrombosis.
• Nutritional deficiencies, such as a lack of vitamins and minerals.
• Intestinal obstruction.
• Chronic acid reflux.

However, the potential benefits of bariatric surgery can be significant and include:

• Long-term sustained weight loss.
• Improvement or remission of obesity-related medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea.
• Improved quality of life and self-esteem.
• Reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and other obesity-related conditions.
• Potential increase in life expectancy.

Postoperative considerations and lifestyle changes.

After undergoing bariatric surgery, patients must make significant lifestyle changes to maximize results and maintain long-term healthy weight loss. This may include:

• Follow a specialized diet designed for the postoperative phase, which generally begins with clear liquids and progresses to easily digestible solid foods.
• Incorporate regular physical activity into your daily routine, under the supervision of a health professional.
• Take vitamin and mineral supplements as recommended by your medical team to prevent nutritional deficiencies.
• Attend regular medical checkups and follow-up with the healthcare team to monitor progress and address any issues that may arise.
• Education and Ongoing Support

The long-term success of bariatric surgery depends largely on the education and ongoing support provided to patients before, during and after the procedure. Obesity management programs typically include nutritional education, psychological counseling, emotional support, and regular medical follow-up to help patients adapt to lifestyle changes and maintain long-term healthy habits.

Additionally, participation in support groups and online communities can provide valuable social support and share experiences with other individuals who have undergone similar bariatric surgeries. Sharing tips, strategies, and motivation can help maintain motivation and commitment to the lifestyle changes required for long-term success.

Before considering bariatric surgery, it is essential that patients undergo a thorough evaluation and discuss all of their options with their healthcare team. Only then will they be able to make an informed decision and develop a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses their individual needs and maximizes their chances of long-term success on their journey to a healthy weight and a better quality of life.